BallastStart a file
← Learn

The six documents, and why each one is asked for

Every lender wants roughly the same file. Understanding what each document proves makes it much faster to assemble, and much harder to be caught out.

4 min read · 11 July 2026

Commercial lenders are not coordinating with each other, yet they ask for near-identical documents. That is because each one answers a specific question, and together they answer whether you can service the debt.

Six months of bank statements

Proves what actually happened rather than what was reported. Establishes average daily balance, deposit consistency, and any existing repayment obligations. This is the document that decides most applications.

Last two tax returns

Confirms the business exists as stated and that reported profit has been declared. A lender is checking that your management figures and your filed figures tell the same story.

P&L and balance sheet

Shows profitability and what the business owns against what it owes. The balance sheet matters more than most applicants expect, because it reveals whether there is anything behind the trading.

Debt schedule

Lists every existing facility, the balance, the repayment and the security given. Omitting one is the fastest way to lose credibility, because statements will reveal it anyway.

Receivables ageing, if you invoice

Shows who owes you what and how late they are. For any receivables-based facility this is the security itself, so it is examined closely.

Photo ID for the director

Identity and anti-money-laundering checks. Unglamorous, mandatory, and the item most often forgotten at the point where everything else is ready.

Assemble these once, properly, and every lender on a panel can be approached from the same file. That is the entire idea behind how we work.

If you want this applied to your own numbers rather than read in the abstract, the intake is a conversation and takes a few minutes.

Also worth reading

6 min read

What lenders actually read in your bank statements

5 min read

Invoice finance or a term loan: which one actually fits